UK: Puolet uusiutuvaa sähköä 08.02.2020

Winter storm Ciara has helped the UK set a new wind power generation record last Saturday, when the renewable energy covered 56% of the country’s electricity demand, Kallanish Energy reports.

The storm battered Britain with heavy rain and winds of up to 100 miles per hour over the weekend.

According to data from utility Drax Group, wind power generation supplied as much as 14,880 megawatts (MW) to the national grid early Saturday. Overall on that day, wind generation from both onshore and offshore farms supplied 44.26% of the British demand, or 13,950 MW – beating the Dec. 9, 2019, record.

On Feb. 8, nuclear power accounted for an 18.40% share of demand and gas for 17.73%. Both energy sources are the backbone of power supply in a post-coal UK. [emp]

EU 2019: Tuuli- ja aurinkosähkö ohittivat hiilivoiman

Last year saw the share of renewables in EU-wide power generation climb to a record high of 34.6%, or 1.8 percentage points higher than in 2018. The electricity produced by wind and solar parks rose by 64 TWh to 569 TWh in 2019 and thus, for the first time, surpassed the amount of coal-fired electricity by 100 TWh. Wind farms generated 14% more electricity in 2019 compared to 2018, while solar power plants experienced a 7% increase in their output. On the other hand, hydropower production went down by more than 6% because of ongoing drought. [emp]

Terrafamelle lupa uraanin talteenottoon

Terrafamelle lupa uraanin talteenottoon Sotkamossa

Työ- ja elinkeinoministeriö 6.2.2020

Tiedote

Valtioneuvosto myönsi 6.2.2020 Terrafame Oy:lle ydinenergialaissa tarkoitetun luvan kaivos- ja malminrikastustoimintaan. Lupa oikeuttaa yhtiön uraanin talteenottoon Sotkamon kaivoksesta saatavasta malmista. Terrafame jätti lupahakemuksensa valtioneuvostolle lokakuussa 2017.

Valtioneuvosto katsoo päätöksessään, että hanke on yhteiskunnan kokonaisedun mukainen ja täyttää ydin- ja säteilyturvallisuutta koskevat vaatimukset. Ennen käytön aloittamista uraanin talteenottolaitos tarvitsee vielä Säteilyturvakeskuksen (STUK) antaman käynnistämisluvan.

Valtioneuvosto myönsi luvan myös Harjavallan nikkelijalostusyksikössä (Norilsk Nickel Harjavalta Oy) erotetun uraanin talteenottoon, kuitenkin siten, että Sotkamoon siirrettävän uraanin enimmäismäärä on enintään 10 000 kg. Kyseessä on Sotkamon kaivokselta jatkojalostukseen toimitetun materiaalin mukana Harjavallan nikkelijalostusyksikköön (Norilsk Nickel Harjavalta Oy) vuosina 2011-2015 päätynyt uraani.

Uraanin talteenottoa varten ei kaivoksesta erikseen louhittaisi malmia, vaan talteenotto tapahtuu prosessiliuoksesta. Uraani voidaan erottaa prosessista sinkkisulfidin saostuksen jälkeen erillisessä talteenottolaitoksessa. Laitos on jo valmiina kaivosalueella.

Saatavan uraani-puolituotteen tuotantomääräksi arvioidaan enintään 250 uraanitonnia vuodessa. Se kuljetetaan Terrafamen laitokselta ns. Yellow cake -puolituotteena ulkomaille jatkojalostukseen, jossa siitä valmistetaan ydinvoimalaitosten polttoaineeksi sopivaa raaka-ainetta.

Jatkojalostusta varten tuote kuljetetaan kansallisesti ja kansainvälisesti hyväksytyille, kansainvälisen atomienergiajärjestön (IAEA) ydinmateriaalivalvonnan piiriin kuuluville laitoksille. Näin varmistetaan, että uraani hyödynnetään vastuullisesti ja vain rauhanomaisiin tarkoituksiin.

Ympäristöministeriö katsoi antamassaan lausunnossa, että talteenotolla voidaan vähentää merkittävästi uraanin kerääntymistä alueella ja vesiympäristöön. Samoin Kainuun elinkeino-, liikenne- ja ympäristökeskuksen YVA-yhteysviranomaisen lausunnossaan toteaman mukaan toiminnan ympäristövaikutukset alueella ovat pienemmät, kun uraanilaitos otetaan käyttöön kuin tilanteessa, jossa toimintaa jatketaan ilman uraanin talteenottoa.

Lupa sisältää ydinturvallisuuteen ja mahdollisiin ydinjätteisiin liittyviä ehtoja. Niiden mukaan Terrafamen on päivitettävä uraanin talteenottolaitoksen käytöstä poistamista koskeva selvityksensä perustuen ensimmäisten kolmen vuoden käyttö- ja ylläpitokokemuksiin, seurattava uraanin talteenottolaitoksen jätekertymää ja jätteiden käsittelyn toteutumista, ja raportoitava tulokset Säteilyturvakeskukselle vuosittain.

Yhtiön on myös päivitettävä jätehuoltoa koskevat selvityksensä kolmen ensimmäisen toimintavuoden käyttökokemusten perusteella, tehtävä uraanin talteenotolle ydinenergialain mukainen määräaikainen turvallisuusarvio 15 vuoden välein, sekä täydennettävä Säteilyturvakeskukselle toimittamiaan aineistoja hyvissä ajoin ennen toiminnan aloittamista.

Myönnetty lupa on voimassa kaivoksen toiminta-ajan, kuitenkin enintään vuoden 2050 loppuun. Se lakkaa olemasta voimassa, jos uraanin talteenottoa ei aloiteta kolmen vuoden kuluessa sen lainvoimaiseksi tulosta.

Päätösasiakirjat julkaistaan verkossa osoitteessa www.tem.fi/paatokset

Lisätiedot:

erityisasiantuntija Eriika Melkas, TEM, puh. 040 194 7591

teollisuusneuvos Liisa Heikinheimo, TEM, puh. 050 567 5451

USA: Uudet julkiset rakennukset klassiseen muotoon

Will the White House Order New Federal Architecture To Be Classical?

The Treasury Building is an example of Neoclassical architecture in Washington, D.C.

ENR  February 4, 2020  Cathleen McGuigan

While the country was riveted by the President’s impeachment trial, a Washington rumor was quietly bubbling about a potential executive order that, if implemented, would profoundly affect the future of federal architecture.

RECORD has obtained what appears to be a preliminary draft of the order, under which the White House would require rewriting the Guiding Principles for Federal Architecture, issued in 1962, to ensure that “the classical architectural style shall be the preferred and default style” for new and upgraded federal buildings. Entitled “Making Federal Buildings Beautiful Again,” the draft order argues that the founding fathers embraced the classical models of “democratic Athens” and “republican Rome” for the capital’s early buildings because the style symbolized the new nation’s “self-governing ideals” (never mind, of course, that it was the prevailing style of the day).

U.S. Courthouse in Austin, Texas, photo © Tim Hursley

The draft decries the quality of architecture under the General Service Administration’s (GSA) Design Excellence Program for its failure to re-integrate “our national values into Federal buildings” which too often have been “influenced by Brutalism and Deconstructivism.” The draft document specifically cites the U.S. Federal Building in San Francisco (2007, by Morphosis), the U.S. Courthouse in Austin, Texas (2012, by Mack Scogin Merrill Elam Architects), and the Wilkie D. Ferguson, Jr. U.S. Courthouse in Miami (2007, by Arquitectonica) for having “little aesthetic appeal.”

The White House did not respond to a request for comment about the executive order.

Meanwhile, last week, the GSA’s Chief Architect and Director of the Design Excellence Program, David Insinga, resigned his post.

The original Guiding Principles, written by the late Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan, mandated that Federal architecture “must provide visual testimony to the dignity, enterprise, vigor, and stability of the American government.” The draft document uses the same words—dignity, enterprise, vigor and stability—while declaring that Brutalist and Deconstructivist styles “fail to satisfy these requirements and shall not be used.”

Yet Moynihan’s Guiding Principles also dictate that “an official style must be avoided,” and that new buildings should reflect their time. “Design must flow from the architectural profession to the government and not vice versa,” the guidelines state. “The Government should be willing to pay some additional cost to avoid excessive uniformity in design of Federal buildings.”

The mechanism for the radical upending of these principles, in order to promote classical and traditional regional architecture (Spanish colonial style, for example, would be permitted in places like Florida), would be a President’s Committee for the Re-Beautification of Federal Architecture. Its members would include the Commissioner of the GSA’s Public Building Service and at least one member of the U.S. Commission of Fine Arts, designated by the President. That commission, which approves architecture and design in much of the nation’s capital, is composed of seven experts, appointed by the President to four-year terms.

President Trump’s first appointment, in November 2018, was Justin Shubow, the president of the National Civic Art Society, which is devoted to furthering classical architecture. Its website contends that “contemporary architecture is by and large a failure,” and states the organization’s mission is “to help architecture return to its pre-Modernist roots.” Much of the language in the draft document echoes the website for Shubow’s organization; it also draws heavily from an article that appeared in City Journal last summer, "Why America Needs Classical Architecture," by Catesby Leigh. Leigh is listed as the 2018-2019 research fellow of the National Civic Art Society.

Shubow became well known for his dogged opposition to the proposed Eisenhower Memorial in Washington, designed by Frank Gehry (which is finally opening this May). President Trump’s two most recent appointees to the Fine Arts Commission, made this past December, are James C. McCrery II, AIA, a founder and board member of the National Civic Art Society, and the Indiana-based architect Duncan G. Stroik, AIA, whose work is “informed by the timelessness of classical architecture and the humanism of traditional cities,” according to the Commission’s website. The terms of the four other members of the Commission expire next December.

As a real estate developer, Trump’s taste in architecture tended to the glass and steel of modernism, albeit in an often glitzy style—from the 1983 Trump Tower in New York, designed by the late Der Scutt of Poor, Swanke, Hayden & Connell, to the 2009 Trump International Hotel and Tower in Chicago, designed by Adrian Smith, then at SOM. When Trump bought the Gulf and Western building on Columbus Circle in New York in the 1990s, he hired Philip Johnson and Costas Kondylis to re-skin its facade in bronze-tinted glass, prompting the late critic Herbert Muschamp to declare it was an International Style skyscraper decked out in a gold lamé party dress.

Will an executive order to bring classical design language to new federal architecture even be issued? The White House certainly has more pressing matters on its plate. But if it happens, quietly or otherwise, the impact would be enormous.

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In response to this story, the American Institute of Architects (AIA) issued the following statement:

“The AIA strongly opposes uniform style mandates for federal architecture. Architecture should be designed for the specific communities that it serves, reflecting our rich nation’s diverse places, thought, culture and climates. Architects are committed to honoring our past as well as reflecting our future progress, protecting the freedom of thought and expression that are essential to democracy.” [enr]

TANSKA: Uutta merituulivoimaa 10 GW = 2 kertaa enemmän kuin maan koko sähkönkulutus

Denmark is pursuing plans to build one or more artificial islands surrounded by offshore wind turbines with a capacity of 10 gigawatts, capable of supplying up to 10 million households, the climate and energy ministry has said.

The country, which produced 41% of its energy from wind power in 2018, the highest level in Europe , last week passed an ambitious climate act which commits it to cut greenhouse gas emissions to 70% of 1990 levels by 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality by 2050, with new, legally binding targets every five years from 2020.

The capacity of the new park, to be financed mainly by the private sector at a total cost of 200 bn-300 bn Danish kroner (27- 41 GEUR), would be five times higher than Denmark’s current wind power output, the climate and energy minister Dan Jørgensen said. “If we are to realise the the enormous potential of offshore wind, new technologies will have to be developed to convert green power into fuel for aircraft, ships and industry,” Jørgensen added.

The ministry has allocated 65m kroner from its 2020 budget to research into storing and converting the energy coming into the new wind park to renewable hydrogen, since the power it generates will not all be used by Denmark’s 6 million inhabitants.

A range of different locations were being explored for the project, including in the North Sea and the Baltic Sea , the ministry said.

Eight of the 10 parties in the Danish parliament agreed the new climate act, which besides setting tough new emission targets and instituting a a stringent control mechanism obliges the government to present definite projects each year to decarbonise every sector, from energy to transport to agriculture. “ We have decided not to aim for what we know to be possible, but what we know to be necessary,” Jørgensen said when the act was passed last Friday. “Our task is now to make the necessary possible. With the target enshrined in a legally binding climate act, we hope Denmark can inspire other countries to follow suit.” [enr]

LVM: Turun "tunnin juna" keskeytetään

Olen pitkään kirjoittanut ratamaniasta, jonka mukaan maahan pitäisi rakentaa monia epärealistisia oikoratoja ja tunneleita joka suuntaan (katso esim http://energiatyhmyrit.real.fi/2019/07/oikoradat-o-mappiin.html). Nyt sentään LVMssäkin on herätty tosimaailmaan, ja pantu Turun "tunnin juna" ö-mappiin. Tälle oikoradalle käy nyt juuri samalla tavalla kuin ELSA-radalle 1970-luvun alussa. Niin kuin oikein on!

Venezuelan öljy venäläisten hallintaan

The Venezuelan government is readying to hand over control over state oil company PDVSA to Russia’s Rosneft, a local newspaper has reported, citing sources from the industry.

Russian TASS reports, quoting El Nacional, that the radical move is being discussed as a way of erasing Caracas’ debt to Moscow. The debt is sizeable: at the end of June this year, money owed to Rosneft alone stood at $1.1 billion. That’s down from $1.8 billion at end-March.

Two years ago, Caracas and Moscow sealed a deal for the restructuring of another $3.15 billion debt to Russia over 10 years with minimum payments over the first six years. Since 2006, Russian loans to Venezuela have reached more than $17 billion in total. [emp]

Suomen ensimmäinen tuulipuisto ilman veronmaksajien rahoja

TuuliWatti on saanut Iin Viinamäen tuulipuiston valmiiksi. Se on ensimmäinen suomalainen tuulipuisto, josta tehtiin investointipäätös ilman yhteiskunnan taloudellista tukea. Puiston rakentamisesta päätettiin toukokuussa 2018.

Teknologian kehityksen myötä kasvanut tornikorkeus mahdollistaa merkittävän tuotannon kasvun ja kustannustehokkuuden päästäessä entistä parempiin tuuliolosuhteisiin. Viinamäen tuulivoimalat ovat tähän mennessä Pohjoismaiden korkeimpia voimaloita.

Tuulipuisto koostuu viidestä laitetoimittaja Vestaksen V150-mallisesta 4,2 megawatin voimalasta, joiden tornin korkeus on 175 metriä ja pyyhkäisykorkeus on 250 metriä. Tuulipuiston nimellisteho on siis 21 MW.

TuuliWatti ja Vestas tekevät Viinamäessä tutkimus- ja kehitystyötä torniratkaisun osalta, joka on Vestaksen viimeisintä tornitekniikkaa. 175-metrinen torni on maailman korkein kokonaan teräksinen tuuliturbiinitorni.

Uudella teknologialla pystytään tehokkaasti nostamaan voimalan korkeutta tuulivoiman tuotannon kannalta suurempaan tuulivoimapotentiaaliin. V150-voimaloiden tuotanto on jopa kaksinkertainen aiempiin voimaloihin verrattuna ja sähkön tuotantokustannus jää alle 30 euroon megawattitunnilta.

Vuonna 2018 Suomen sähköntuotannosta katettiin tuulivoimalla noin yhdeksän prosenttia. TuuliWatti tuotti viime vuonna noin 21 prosenttia Suomen tuulisähköstä.

TuuliWatilla on rakenteilla Viinamäen tuulipuiston yhteyteen Simon kunnan puolelle myös teholtaan kuuden megawatin sähkövarasto, joka valmistuu myöhemmin syksyllä. Valmistuessaan se on Pohjoismaiden suurin akku. [T&T)

Maailman suurin tuulivoimapuisto rakenteille Englannissa

Britain’s homes are set to be powered by the world’s largest wind turbines towering 853ft (260m) tall with blades that extend 351ft (107m). The futuristic turbines will be built on Dogger Bank Wind Farms, an artificial island 130km off the coast of Yorkshire in the North Sea.

The turbines will power 4.5 million homes annually – the equivalent to five per cent of the UK’s electricity generation. Developers say a single turbine can power 16,000 homes, making it one of the most efficient turbines in the world.

Dogger Bank is set to be the largest wind farm in the world with a combined capacity of 3.6GW. Construction is set to being in early 2020 with the first electricity to be produced in 2023.

The Haliade-X turbines – which have been developed by Paris-based company GE Renewable Energy – will be connected by electricity cables to the UK, Norway, the Netherlands, Germany, Denmark and Belgium. [emp]

UK: Tuulivoimalla vety korvaamaan maakaasun

Floating offshore wind turbines far out in the North Sea will convert seawater to ‘green’ hydrogen that will be pumped ashore and used to heat millions of homes, under an ambitious plan just awarded UK government funding.

Deployment of a 4GW floating wind farm in the early 2030s at an estimated cost of £12bn ($14.8bn) could be the first step in the eventual replacement of natural gas by hydrogen in the UK energy system, claimed Kevin Kinsella, director of the Dolphyn project for consultancy ERM.

ERM – which is working on Dolphyn with the Tractebel unit of French energy giant Engie and offshore specialist ODE – plans to integrate hydrogen production technology into a 10MW floating wind turbine platform, enabling each unit to import seawater, convert it to hydrogen and export the gas via a pipeline.

Deployment of hundreds of the floating platforms would be able to tap into the excellent wind resources far out in the North Sea, way beyond the depths accessible to fixed-bottom foundations, Kinsella told Recharge, estimating that a 4GW floating wind farm could produce enough hydrogen to heat 1.5 million homes. "If you had 30 of those in the North Sea you could replace the natural gas requirement for the whole country."  [emp]