Economic, environmental & societal impacts for sustainable society.
Specialties: energy, carbon footprint and life cycle costing. © Villa Real ®
10.3.2020
Euroopan suurin aurinkovoimala Espanjaan
Euroopan
suurin aurinkovoimala valmistui Espanjassa viime vuoden lopulla. Nasan
satelliittikuvat näyttävät nyt, miten kymmenen neliökilometrin alueelle
levittäytyneet aurinkopaneelit muuttivat maalaismaisemaa avaruudesta
katsottuna. Keskiaikaisen tutkimusmatkailija Núñez de Balboan mukaan nimetty
voimala sijaitsee Länsi-Espanjassa Usagren kaupungissa. Sen valmistustyöt
kestivät alle vuoden.
Aurinkopaneelit peittävät Nasan mukaan lähes 10
neliökilometrin kokoisen alueen. Voimala koostuu 1,4 miljoonasta
aurinkopaneelista, ja sen kapasiteetiksi ilmoitetaan 500 MW. Voimalan
on määrä tuottaa energiaa 250 000 ihmisen tarpeisiin. [tm]
14.2.2020
UK: Puolet uusiutuvaa sähköä 08.02.2020
Winter
storm Ciara has helped the UK set a new wind power generation record last
Saturday, when the renewable energy covered 56% of the country’s electricity
demand, Kallanish Energy reports.
The
storm battered Britain with heavy rain and winds of up to 100 miles per hour
over the weekend.
According
to data from utility Drax Group, wind power generation supplied as much as
14,880 megawatts (MW) to the national grid early Saturday. Overall on that day,
wind generation from both onshore and offshore farms supplied 44.26% of the
British demand, or 13,950 MW – beating the Dec. 9, 2019, record.
On
Feb. 8, nuclear power accounted for an 18.40% share of demand and gas for
17.73%. Both energy sources are the backbone of power supply in a post-coal UK. [emp]
10.2.2020
EU 2019: Tuuli- ja aurinkosähkö ohittivat hiilivoiman
Last year saw the share of renewables in EU-wide power generation climb to a record high of 34.6%, or 1.8 percentage points higher than in 2018. The electricity produced by wind and solar parks rose by 64 TWh to 569 TWh in 2019 and thus, for the first time, surpassed the amount of coal-fired electricity by 100 TWh. Wind farms generated 14% more electricity in 2019 compared to 2018, while solar power plants experienced a 7% increase in their output. On the other hand, hydropower production went down by more than 6% because of ongoing drought. [emp]
6.2.2020
Terrafamelle lupa uraanin talteenottoon
Terrafamelle
lupa uraanin talteenottoon Sotkamossa
Työ- ja elinkeinoministeriö
6.2.2020
Tiedote
Valtioneuvosto myönsi 6.2.2020
Terrafame Oy:lle ydinenergialaissa tarkoitetun luvan kaivos- ja
malminrikastustoimintaan. Lupa oikeuttaa yhtiön uraanin talteenottoon Sotkamon
kaivoksesta saatavasta malmista. Terrafame jätti lupahakemuksensa
valtioneuvostolle lokakuussa 2017.
Valtioneuvosto katsoo
päätöksessään, että hanke on yhteiskunnan kokonaisedun mukainen ja täyttää
ydin- ja säteilyturvallisuutta koskevat vaatimukset. Ennen käytön aloittamista
uraanin talteenottolaitos tarvitsee vielä Säteilyturvakeskuksen (STUK) antaman
käynnistämisluvan.
Valtioneuvosto myönsi luvan myös
Harjavallan nikkelijalostusyksikössä (Norilsk Nickel Harjavalta Oy) erotetun
uraanin talteenottoon, kuitenkin siten, että Sotkamoon siirrettävän uraanin
enimmäismäärä on enintään 10 000 kg. Kyseessä on Sotkamon kaivokselta jatkojalostukseen
toimitetun materiaalin mukana Harjavallan nikkelijalostusyksikköön (Norilsk
Nickel Harjavalta Oy) vuosina 2011-2015 päätynyt uraani.
Uraanin talteenottoa varten ei kaivoksesta erikseen louhittaisi malmia,
vaan talteenotto tapahtuu prosessiliuoksesta. Uraani voidaan erottaa
prosessista sinkkisulfidin saostuksen jälkeen erillisessä
talteenottolaitoksessa. Laitos on jo valmiina kaivosalueella.
Saatavan uraani-puolituotteen
tuotantomääräksi arvioidaan enintään 250 uraanitonnia vuodessa. Se kuljetetaan
Terrafamen laitokselta ns. Yellow cake -puolituotteena ulkomaille
jatkojalostukseen, jossa siitä valmistetaan ydinvoimalaitosten polttoaineeksi
sopivaa raaka-ainetta.
Jatkojalostusta varten tuote
kuljetetaan kansallisesti ja kansainvälisesti hyväksytyille, kansainvälisen
atomienergiajärjestön (IAEA) ydinmateriaalivalvonnan piiriin kuuluville
laitoksille. Näin varmistetaan, että uraani hyödynnetään vastuullisesti ja vain
rauhanomaisiin tarkoituksiin.
Ympäristöministeriö katsoi
antamassaan lausunnossa, että talteenotolla voidaan vähentää merkittävästi
uraanin kerääntymistä alueella ja vesiympäristöön. Samoin Kainuun elinkeino-,
liikenne- ja ympäristökeskuksen YVA-yhteysviranomaisen lausunnossaan toteaman
mukaan toiminnan ympäristövaikutukset alueella ovat pienemmät, kun uraanilaitos
otetaan käyttöön kuin tilanteessa, jossa toimintaa jatketaan ilman uraanin
talteenottoa.
Lupa sisältää
ydinturvallisuuteen ja mahdollisiin ydinjätteisiin liittyviä ehtoja. Niiden
mukaan Terrafamen on päivitettävä uraanin talteenottolaitoksen käytöstä
poistamista koskeva selvityksensä perustuen ensimmäisten kolmen vuoden käyttö-
ja ylläpitokokemuksiin, seurattava uraanin talteenottolaitoksen jätekertymää ja
jätteiden käsittelyn toteutumista, ja raportoitava tulokset Säteilyturvakeskukselle
vuosittain.
Yhtiön on myös päivitettävä
jätehuoltoa koskevat selvityksensä kolmen ensimmäisen toimintavuoden
käyttökokemusten perusteella, tehtävä uraanin talteenotolle ydinenergialain
mukainen määräaikainen turvallisuusarvio 15 vuoden välein, sekä täydennettävä
Säteilyturvakeskukselle toimittamiaan aineistoja hyvissä ajoin ennen toiminnan
aloittamista.
Myönnetty lupa on voimassa
kaivoksen toiminta-ajan, kuitenkin enintään vuoden 2050 loppuun. Se lakkaa
olemasta voimassa, jos uraanin talteenottoa ei aloiteta kolmen vuoden kuluessa
sen lainvoimaiseksi tulosta.
Päätösasiakirjat julkaistaan
verkossa osoitteessa www.tem.fi/paatokset
Lisätiedot:
erityisasiantuntija Eriika
Melkas, TEM, puh. 040 194 7591
teollisuusneuvos Liisa
Heikinheimo, TEM, puh. 050 567 5451
USA: Uudet julkiset rakennukset klassiseen muotoon
Will the White House Order New Federal Architecture To Be Classical?
Engineering News Record has obtained what appears
to be a preliminary draft of the order,
under which the White House would require rewriting the Guiding Principles for
Federal Architecture, issued in 1962, to ensure that “the classical
architectural style shall be the preferred and default style” for
new and upgraded federal buildings. Entitled “Making Federal Buildings
Beautiful Again,” the draft order argues that the founding fathers embraced the
classical models of “democratic Athens” and “republican Rome” for the capital’s
early buildings because the style symbolized the new nation’s “self-governing
ideals” (never mind, of course, that it was the prevailing style of the day).The draft decries the quality of architecture under
the General Service Administration’s (GSA) Design Excellence Program for
its failure to re-integrate “our national values into Federal buildings” which
too often have been “influenced by Brutalism and Deconstructivism.” The draft document specifically cites
the U.S. Federal Building in San Francisco (2007, by Morphosis),
the U.S. Courthouse in Austin, Texas (2012, by Mack Scogin
Merrill Elam Architects), and the Wilkie D. Ferguson, Jr. U.S. Courthouse in
Miami (2007, by Arquitectonica) for having “little aesthetic appeal.”The White House did not respond to a request for comment about
the executive order. Meanwhile, last week, the GSA’s Chief Architect and Director of the
Design Excellence Program, David Insinga, resigned his post.The original Guiding Principles, written by the late Senator Daniel
Patrick Moynihan, mandated that Federal architecture “must provide visual
testimony to the dignity, enterprise, vigor, and stability of the American
government.” The draft document uses the same words—dignity, enterprise, vigor
and stability—while declaring that Brutalist and Deconstructivist styles “fail
to satisfy these requirements and shall not be used.”Yet Moynihan’s Guiding Principles also dictate that “an official style
must be avoided,” and that new buildings should reflect their time. “Design
must flow from the architectural profession to the government and not vice
versa,” the guidelines state. “The Government should be willing to pay some
additional cost to avoid excessive uniformity in design of Federal buildings.”The mechanism for the radical upending of these principles, in order to
promote classical and traditional regional architecture (Spanish colonial
style, for example, would be permitted in places like Florida), would be a
President’s Committee for the Re-Beautification of Federal Architecture. Its
members would include the Commissioner of the GSA’s Public Building Service and
at least one member of the U.S. Commission of Fine Arts, designated by the
President. That commission, which approves architecture and design in much of
the nation’s capital, is composed of seven experts, appointed by the President
to four-year terms.President Trump’s first appointment, in November 2018, was Justin
Shubow, the president of the National Civic Art Society, which is devoted to
furthering classical architecture. Its website contends that “contemporary
architecture is by and large a failure,” and states the organization’s mission
is “to help architecture return to its pre-Modernist roots.” Much of the
language in the draft document echoes the website for Shubow’s organization; it
also draws heavily from an article that appeared in City Journal last summer,
"Why America Needs Classical Architecture," by Catesby Leigh. Leigh
is listed as the 2018-2019 research fellow of the National Civic Art Society.Shubow became well known for his dogged opposition to the proposed Eisenhower Memorial in Washington, designed by Frank Gehry (which is finally
opening this May). President Trump’s two most recent appointees to the Fine
Arts Commission, made this past December, are James C. McCrery II, AIA, a
founder and board member of the National Civic Art Society, and the
Indiana-based architect Duncan G. Stroik, AIA, whose work is “informed by the
timelessness of classical architecture and the humanism of traditional cities,”
according to the Commission’s website. The terms of the four other members of
the Commission expire next December.As a real estate developer, Trump’s taste in architecture tended to the
glass and steel of modernism, albeit in an often glitzy style—from the 1983
Trump Tower in New York, designed by the late Der Scutt of Poor, Swanke, Hayden
& Connell, to the 2009 Trump International Hotel and Tower in Chicago,
designed by Adrian Smith, then at SOM. When Trump bought the Gulf and Western
building on Columbus Circle in New York in the 1990s, he hired Philip Johnson
and Costas Kondylis to re-skin its facade in bronze-tinted glass, prompting the
late critic Herbert Muschamp to declare it was an
International Style skyscraper decked out in a gold lamé party dress.Will an executive order to bring classical design language to new
federal architecture even be issued? The White House certainly has more
pressing matters on its plate. But if it happens, quietly or otherwise, the
impact would be enormous.In response to this story, the American Institute of Architects (AIA)
issued the following statement: “The AIA strongly opposes uniform style mandates for federal
architecture. Architecture should be
designed for the specific communities that it serves, reflecting our rich
nation’s diverse places, thought, culture and climates. Architects are
committed to honoring our past as well as reflecting our future progress,
protecting the freedom of thought and expression that are essential to
democracy.” [enr]
Engineering News Record has obtained what appears
to be a preliminary draft of the order,
under which the White House would require rewriting the Guiding Principles for
Federal Architecture, issued in 1962, to ensure that “the classical
architectural style shall be the preferred and default style” for
new and upgraded federal buildings. Entitled “Making Federal Buildings
Beautiful Again,” the draft order argues that the founding fathers embraced the
classical models of “democratic Athens” and “republican Rome” for the capital’s
early buildings because the style symbolized the new nation’s “self-governing
ideals” (never mind, of course, that it was the prevailing style of the day).
The draft decries the quality of architecture under
the General Service Administration’s (GSA) Design Excellence Program for
its failure to re-integrate “our national values into Federal buildings” which
too often have been “influenced by Brutalism and Deconstructivism.” The draft document specifically cites
the U.S. Federal Building in San Francisco (2007, by Morphosis),
the U.S. Courthouse in Austin, Texas (2012, by Mack Scogin
Merrill Elam Architects), and the Wilkie D. Ferguson, Jr. U.S. Courthouse in
Miami (2007, by Arquitectonica) for having “little aesthetic appeal.”
The White House did not respond to a request for comment about
the executive order. Meanwhile, last week, the GSA’s Chief Architect and Director of the
Design Excellence Program, David Insinga, resigned his post.
The original Guiding Principles, written by the late Senator Daniel
Patrick Moynihan, mandated that Federal architecture “must provide visual
testimony to the dignity, enterprise, vigor, and stability of the American
government.” The draft document uses the same words—dignity, enterprise, vigor
and stability—while declaring that Brutalist and Deconstructivist styles “fail
to satisfy these requirements and shall not be used.”
Yet Moynihan’s Guiding Principles also dictate that “an official style
must be avoided,” and that new buildings should reflect their time. “Design
must flow from the architectural profession to the government and not vice
versa,” the guidelines state. “The Government should be willing to pay some
additional cost to avoid excessive uniformity in design of Federal buildings.”
The mechanism for the radical upending of these principles, in order to
promote classical and traditional regional architecture (Spanish colonial
style, for example, would be permitted in places like Florida), would be a
President’s Committee for the Re-Beautification of Federal Architecture. Its
members would include the Commissioner of the GSA’s Public Building Service and
at least one member of the U.S. Commission of Fine Arts, designated by the
President. That commission, which approves architecture and design in much of
the nation’s capital, is composed of seven experts, appointed by the President
to four-year terms.
President Trump’s first appointment, in November 2018, was Justin
Shubow, the president of the National Civic Art Society, which is devoted to
furthering classical architecture. Its website contends that “contemporary
architecture is by and large a failure,” and states the organization’s mission
is “to help architecture return to its pre-Modernist roots.” Much of the
language in the draft document echoes the website for Shubow’s organization; it
also draws heavily from an article that appeared in City Journal last summer,
"Why America Needs Classical Architecture," by Catesby Leigh. Leigh
is listed as the 2018-2019 research fellow of the National Civic Art Society.
Shubow became well known for his dogged opposition to the proposed Eisenhower Memorial in Washington, designed by Frank Gehry (which is finally
opening this May). President Trump’s two most recent appointees to the Fine
Arts Commission, made this past December, are James C. McCrery II, AIA, a
founder and board member of the National Civic Art Society, and the
Indiana-based architect Duncan G. Stroik, AIA, whose work is “informed by the
timelessness of classical architecture and the humanism of traditional cities,”
according to the Commission’s website. The terms of the four other members of
the Commission expire next December.
As a real estate developer, Trump’s taste in architecture tended to the
glass and steel of modernism, albeit in an often glitzy style—from the 1983
Trump Tower in New York, designed by the late Der Scutt of Poor, Swanke, Hayden
& Connell, to the 2009 Trump International Hotel and Tower in Chicago,
designed by Adrian Smith, then at SOM. When Trump bought the Gulf and Western
building on Columbus Circle in New York in the 1990s, he hired Philip Johnson
and Costas Kondylis to re-skin its facade in bronze-tinted glass, prompting the
late critic Herbert Muschamp to declare it was an
International Style skyscraper decked out in a gold lamé party dress.
Will an executive order to bring classical design language to new
federal architecture even be issued? The White House certainly has more
pressing matters on its plate. But if it happens, quietly or otherwise, the
impact would be enormous.
In response to this story, the American Institute of Architects (AIA)
issued the following statement: “The AIA strongly opposes uniform style mandates for federal
architecture. Architecture should be
designed for the specific communities that it serves, reflecting our rich
nation’s diverse places, thought, culture and climates. Architects are
committed to honoring our past as well as reflecting our future progress,
protecting the freedom of thought and expression that are essential to
democracy.” [enr]
12.12.2019
TANSKA: Uutta merituulivoimaa 10 GW = 2 kertaa enemmän kuin maan koko sähkönkulutus
Denmark is pursuing plans to build one or more
artificial islands surrounded by offshore wind turbines with a capacity of 10
gigawatts, capable of supplying up to 10 million households, the climate and
energy ministry has said.
The country, which produced 41% of its energy from wind power in 2018,
the highest level in Europe , last week passed an ambitious climate act which
commits it to cut greenhouse gas emissions to 70% of 1990 levels by 2030 and
achieve carbon neutrality by 2050, with new, legally binding targets every five
years from 2020.
The capacity of the new park, to be financed mainly by the private
sector at a total cost of 200 bn-300 bn Danish kroner (27- 41 GEUR), would be
five times higher than Denmark’s current wind power output, the climate and
energy minister Dan Jørgensen said. “If we are to realise the the enormous potential of offshore wind, new
technologies will have to be developed to convert green power into fuel for aircraft,
ships and industry,” Jørgensen added.
The ministry has allocated 65m kroner from its 2020 budget to research
into storing and converting the energy coming into the new wind park to
renewable hydrogen, since the power it generates will not all be used by
Denmark’s 6 million inhabitants.
A range of different locations were being explored for the project,
including in the North Sea and the Baltic Sea , the ministry said.
Eight of the 10 parties in the Danish parliament agreed the new climate
act, which besides setting tough new emission targets and instituting a a
stringent control mechanism obliges the government to present definite projects
each year to decarbonise every sector, from energy to transport to agriculture. “ We have decided not to aim for what we know to be possible, but what
we know to be necessary,” Jørgensen said when the act was passed last Friday.
“Our task is now to make the necessary possible. With the target enshrined in a
legally binding climate act, we hope Denmark can inspire other countries to
follow suit.” [enr]
9.11.2019
LVM: Turun "tunnin juna" keskeytetään
Olen pitkään kirjoittanut ratamaniasta, jonka mukaan maahan pitäisi rakentaa monia epärealistisia oikoratoja ja tunneleita joka suuntaan (katso esim http://energiatyhmyrit.real.fi/2019/07/oikoradat-o-mappiin.html). Nyt sentään LVMssäkin on herätty tosimaailmaan, ja pantu Turun "tunnin juna" ö-mappiin. Tälle oikoradalle käy nyt juuri samalla tavalla kuin ELSA-radalle 1970-luvun alussa. Niin kuin oikein on!
21.10.2019
Venezuelan öljy venäläisten hallintaan
The Venezuelan government is readying to hand over
control over state oil company PDVSA to Russia’s Rosneft, a local newspaper has
reported, citing sources from the industry.
Russian
TASS reports, quoting El Nacional, that the radical move is being discussed as
a way of erasing Caracas’ debt to Moscow. The debt is sizeable: at the end of
June this year, money owed to Rosneft alone stood at $1.1 billion. That’s down
from $1.8 billion at end-March.
Two
years ago, Caracas and Moscow sealed a deal for the restructuring of another
$3.15 billion debt to Russia over 10 years with minimum payments over the first
six years. Since 2006, Russian loans to Venezuela have reached more than $17
billion in total. [emp]
12.10.2019
Suomen ensimmäinen tuulipuisto ilman veronmaksajien rahoja
TuuliWatti on saanut Iin Viinamäen tuulipuiston valmiiksi. Se on ensimmäinen suomalainen tuulipuisto, josta tehtiin investointipäätös ilman yhteiskunnan taloudellista tukea. Puiston rakentamisesta päätettiin toukokuussa 2018.
Teknologian kehityksen myötä kasvanut tornikorkeus mahdollistaa merkittävän tuotannon kasvun ja kustannustehokkuuden päästäessä entistä parempiin tuuliolosuhteisiin. Viinamäen tuulivoimalat ovat tähän mennessä Pohjoismaiden korkeimpia voimaloita.
Tuulipuisto koostuu viidestä laitetoimittaja Vestaksen V150-mallisesta 4,2 megawatin voimalasta, joiden tornin korkeus on 175 metriä ja pyyhkäisykorkeus on 250 metriä. Tuulipuiston nimellisteho on siis 21 MW.
TuuliWatti ja Vestas tekevät Viinamäessä tutkimus- ja kehitystyötä torniratkaisun osalta, joka on Vestaksen viimeisintä tornitekniikkaa. 175-metrinen torni on maailman korkein kokonaan teräksinen tuuliturbiinitorni.
Uudella teknologialla pystytään tehokkaasti nostamaan voimalan korkeutta tuulivoiman tuotannon kannalta suurempaan tuulivoimapotentiaaliin. V150-voimaloiden tuotanto on jopa kaksinkertainen aiempiin voimaloihin verrattuna ja sähkön tuotantokustannus jää alle 30 euroon megawattitunnilta.
Vuonna 2018 Suomen sähköntuotannosta katettiin tuulivoimalla noin yhdeksän prosenttia. TuuliWatti tuotti viime vuonna noin 21 prosenttia Suomen tuulisähköstä.
TuuliWatilla on rakenteilla Viinamäen tuulipuiston yhteyteen Simon kunnan puolelle myös teholtaan kuuden megawatin sähkövarasto, joka valmistuu myöhemmin syksyllä. Valmistuessaan se on Pohjoismaiden suurin akku. [T&T)
7.10.2019
Maailman suurin tuulivoimapuisto rakenteille Englannissa
Britain’s homes are set to be powered by the world’s
largest wind turbines towering 853ft (260m) tall with blades that extend 351ft
(107m). The futuristic turbines will be built on Dogger Bank Wind Farms, an
artificial island 130km off the coast of Yorkshire in the North Sea.
The
turbines will power 4.5 million homes annually – the equivalent to five per
cent of the UK’s electricity generation. Developers say a single turbine can
power 16,000 homes, making it one of the most efficient turbines in the world.
Dogger
Bank is set to be the largest wind farm in the world with a combined capacity
of 3.6GW. Construction is set to being in early 2020 with the first electricity
to be produced in 2023.
The
Haliade-X turbines – which have been developed by Paris-based company GE
Renewable Energy – will be connected by electricity cables to the UK, Norway,
the Netherlands, Germany, Denmark and Belgium. [emp]
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